Reading 4

Due:  3/26/2007

Read the following paper:

  1. The CRAY-1 Computer System - R.M. Russell, Communications. of the ACM, January 1978.

Comment on the paper. Provide a short (a few sentences) summary of the focus of the paper or key arguments made. Make sure to specifically address these points:

  1. What is the number of functional units? How does that compare to today?
  2. What is the clock rate? Why is it so fast? How was the clock cycle balanced across the machine?
  3. What is the size of the register state? The memory? What is the memory latency? How does that compare to today?
  4. What are the four most striking features of the machine?
  5. What is the instruction set architecture?
  6. How is virtual memory, relocation and protection provided?
  7. What is the floating-point format? How does it different from IEEE 754 standard floating-point?
  8. What is the vector vs. scalar speed? What is the minimum vector size to be faster than a scalar loop? What is a long vs. short vector computer?
  9. What is the speed relative to other computers of its era? To a Pentium 4 or AMD 64?
  10. What are the general impressions of the Cray 1 vs. today’s CPUs?

Your comments should demonstrate that you've thought about the most important parts of each paper.